Visual Quality Research: Scenic Beauty & Digital and Field-based Understory Structure Estimation

Ouachita/Ozark National Forest, Arkansas

Ecosystem Management
Research Program 
USDA Forest Service 
Southern Research Station 
(USDA-FS-SRS) 
National Forest System- Region 8 
Visual Quality Research (VQR) Group:
Arkansas Tech University 
Mississippi State University 
 Texas A&M University 
USDA-FS-SRS-Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit
  • Principal Investigators: Jim Gramann, Theresa Herrick, Joseph Picone, Vic Rudis
  • Other Scenic Preference Research Links| Texas Ag Extension News article |
  • What's new?MSU Project Overview
  • To everything there is a season....

    VQR Presentations:

    Ramani, Vijay, et al. Fall 1998 MSU DSP class. Scenic beauty estimation using independent component analysis and support vector machines
    Balakrishnama and Brown. 1997 MSU DSP class. Scenic beauty estimation using linear discriminant analysis Paper (*.pdf)

    VQR Seminars:

    Balakrishnama and Le. September 1998 MSU seminar. Scenic beauty estimation of forestry images
    Hamaker, J. Spring 1998 MSU seminar. New approaches for scenic beauty estimation
    Kalidindi, N. October 1996 MSU seminar. Scenic beauty estimation of forestry images

    VQR Publications:

    M.S. and Ph.D. Theses:

    Gritter, Molly K. 1997. The effect of time-since-treatment and other factors on the perceived scenic beauty of southern pine-oak forest plots. M.S. thesis. College, Station, TX: Texas A&M University, Dept. Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences. 80 p. Documents the relationship between scenic beauty by season and 2 and 6 years after plot-level, uneven-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (PrePhase I: 90-91, 94-95, 20 plots).

    Jang, Ho-Chan. 1998. Effect of ecosystem management on public acceptance of visual impacts and perceived scenic value in a tourist destination area. Ph.D. thesis. Texas A&M University, Dept. Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences. 171 p. Documents the relationship between scenic beauty, season, and messages regarding visual acceptibility in stand-level, even-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (Phase II 94-95, 12 stands).

    Kalidindi, N. November 1997. MSU Master of Science Special Project Presentation: Scenic beauty estimation of forestry images. Documents the relationship between digital measures of images and scenic beauty. Data used were Gritter's scenic beauty estimates and digital images of the scenes 2 and 6 years after plot-level, uneven-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (PrePhase I: 90-91, 94-95, 20 plots).

    Li, Ying-Hung. 1996. An integrated model of scenic beauty assessment for forest management. Ph.D. thesis. Clemson, SC: Clemson University, Dept. Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management. 172 p. Documents the relationship among a variety of psychological attributes (scenic beauty, mystery, coherence, psychological visual penetration) from summer scenes of stand-level, even-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (Phase II, Summer1994, 12 stands).

    Ngan, Julie.1998. MSU Master of Science Special Project Presentation: Information theory based decision trees for data classification. Documents an application of statistical decision trees to  image classification of forest scenes into high, medium, and low scenic beauty categories (PrePhase I: 90-91, 94-95, 20 plots).

    Ray, R.J. 1994. The cost of providing scenic beauty in the Ouachita National Forest. M.S. thesis. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University, Dept. Forestry. 62 p. Documents the relationship between scenic beauty, viewer groups, and perceived logging costs from near stand views of fall scenes following stand-level, even-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (Phase II, Fall 1993, 39 stands).

    Yhang, W. 1994. The effect of color on the perceived scenic beauty of pine-oak plots in the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. Ph.D. thesis. Texas A&M University, Dept. Recreation, Park, and Tourism Sciences. 133 p. Documents the relationship between scenic beauty, season, and perceived color 2 years after plot-level, uneven-aged treatments in mixed pine-hardwood forest stands (PrePhase I: 90-91, 20 plots)

    Other VQR publications:

    Balakrishnama, S.; Ganapathiraju, A.; Picone, J. (forthcoming). Linear discriminant analysis for signal processing problems. IEEE 1999 Proceedings.

    Barlow, R.J.Ray; Rudis, V.A. (review draft) Impact of recent harvests on fall scenic beauty of near-stand views. USDA-FS-SRS Ecosystem Management Conference Proceedings, Hot Springs, AR, October 1999.

    Gramann, J.H.; Rudis, V.A. 1994. Effects of hardwood retention, season of year, and landform on the perceived scenic beauty of forest plots in the Ouachita Mountains.  In: Baker, J.B., comp. Proc. ecosystem management research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings; 1993 October 26-27; Hot Springs, AR. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-112. New Orleans, LA: USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 223-228.

    Herrick, T.A.; Rudis, V.A. 1994. Visitor preference for forest scenery in the Ouachita National Forest. In: Baker, J.B., comp. Proc. Ecosystem Management Research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings; 1993 October 26-27; Hot Springs, AR. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-112. New Orleans, LA: USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 212-222.

    Kalidindi, N., Le, A., Picone, J., Zheng, L., Yaqin, H. and Rudis, V. 1996. Scenic beauty estimation of forestry images. In: Proceedings: IEEE Southeastcon '97, 1997 April 12-14; Blacksburg, VA. Piscataway, NJ: Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineers: 337-339. Presentation

    Kalidindi, N., Le, A., Picone, J.; Rudis, V.A. 1996. Scenic beauty estimation database. Mississippi State, MS: Institute for Signal and Information Processing, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering. iii+ 25 p.

    Li, Y.; Herrick, T. 1997. The study of factors influencing forest scenic beauty. Journal of Landscape (The Landscape Architects Society of Republic of China) 4(1): 37-49.

    Li, Y.H.; Rudis, V.A.; Herrick, T.A. (review draft) A psychological model of scenic beauty by silvicultural treatment two growing seasons after harvest. USDA-FS-SRS Ecosystem Management Conference Proceedings, Hot Springs, AR, October 1999.

    Long, Z.; Picone, J. Rudis, V.A. (forthcoming). Optimization of edge and line detectors for forest image analysis.    Conference proceedings: 4th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Orlando, Florida, USA, July 2000.

    Ray, R.J.; Cengel. D.J.; Watson, W.F., Clark, J.D.; Hodges, D.G.; Rudis, V.A. 1994. A benefit-cost comparison of providing scenic beauty in the Ouachita National Forest. In: Advanced technology in forest operations: applied ecology in action. Proc. 17th annual meeting of the Council on Forest Engineering; 1994 June, Corvallis, OR: 39-51.

    Rudis, V.A.; Gramann, J.H.; Herrick, T.A. 1994.  Esthetics evaluation. In: Baker, J.B., comp. Proc. Ecosystem Management Research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings; 1993 October 26-27; Hot Springs, AR. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-112. New Orleans, LA: USDA Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 202-211. Abstract

    Rudis, V.A., Thill, R.E.; Gramann, J.H.; Picone, J.; Kalidindi, N.; Tappe, P.A. 1999. Understory structure by season following uneven-aged reproduction cutting: a comparison of selected measures 2 and 6 years after treatment. Forest Ecology and Management. 114/2-3:309-320. Abstract of presentation at the First Biennial North American Forest Ecology Workshop, 1997 June 24-26, Raleigh, NC.

    Zhang, X.; Ramani, V.; Long, Z.; Zeng, Y.; Ganapathiraju, A.; Picone, J. (forthcoming). Scenic beauty estimation using independent component analysis and support vector machines. IEEE 1999 Proceedings.

    Associated studies elsewhere in the South:

    Ruddell, E.J.; Gramann, J.H.; Rudis, V.A.; Westphal, J.M. 1989. The psychological utility of visual penetration in near-view forest scenic beauty models. Environment and Behavior 21(4): 393-412.

    Rudis, V.A. 1985. Screenometer: a device for sampling vegetative screening in forested areas. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 15:996-999.

    Rudis, V.A. 1990. Sampling and modelling visual component dynamics of forested areas. In: LaBau, Vernon J., Cunia, Tiberius, tech. eds. State-of-the-art methodology of forest inventory: a symposium proceedings; 1989 July 30-August 5; Syracuse, NY. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-263. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: 84-85.

    Rudis, V.A.; Gramann, J.H.; Ruddell, E.J.; Westphal, J.M. 1988. Forest inventory and management-based visual preference models of southern pine stands. Forest Science 34: 846-863.

    Other references:

    Brown, T.C.; Daniel, T.C. 1990. Scaling of ratings: concepts and methods. Research Paper RM-293. Fort Collins, CO: USDA-FS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 24 p.

    Brown, T.C.; Daniel, T.C.; Schroeder, H.W.; Brink, G.E. 1990. Analysis of ratings: a guide to RMRATE. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-195. Fort Collins, CO: USDA-FS, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 40 p.

    Daniel, T.C.; Boster, R. 1976. Measuring landscape esthetics: the scenic beauty estimation method. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RM-167. 66 p.

    Ribe, R. G. 1989. The aesthetics of forestry: what has empirical preference research taught us? Environmental Management 13(1): 55-74.

    Related Links: Landscape Preference, Scenic Beauty and GIS Mapping, Scientific Visualization, and Digital Imaging Techniques

    Maintained by Vic Rudis  -  Most recent update: June 16, 2000.